a sophisticated syamimi ;p

For last week’s presentation, reading 4.3, title what is evidence, the presenter explain that evidence has two part of it. There are circumstantial and testimonial. Circumstantial is not all of them are together trustworthy as a basis of determining guilty. The possibility to having an error in every case is possible that involve in evidence. For testimonial, people are always the eyewitnesses who testify that they have seen the accused commit crime. There are cross examination and complex question. Cross examination is interrupting the witness in order to expose the real fact. Complex question that contain a concealed assumption.

In presentation 4.4, statistic, they talked about the importance of the statistic where it provided tools for prediction and forecasting based on data. They also stated that statistical methods can be used to summarize or describe a collection of data. There are four common statistical slip Unqualified average, Misleading presentation, Fallacious sampling and Percentages unaccompanied by actual numbers. This topic related to critical literacy, when we have to be careful with numbers that stated in a result because sometimes the numbers are not real.

According to presentation 4.5, Crooked and Fallacious Thinking, they defined crooked as dishonest and fallacious thinking as based on a false idea. In transferring result, a crooked thinker transfers the prestige of something while in circular argument; a crooked thinker may give the impression that he is saying something meaningful and logical when he is in fact not proving anything. False analogy is when a crooked thinker A crooked thinker may use the small degree of similarity to give the impression that the things are in all ways alike.

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Based on the presentation for reading 3.3, the presenters have classified text A in page 13 as a discussion which is a written genre typically used to present a reasoned account of both sides of an issue. There are two patterns to show how grammar positions the reader. There are negative pattern and positive pattern. Positive pattern countered non-risk behavior while both patterns associated with risk are always positive and negative attitude associated with non-risk taking. For the text B in page 14, the presenter called it as report which it is a standard general in the sciences and social sciences. It presents as fact and not really opens to questions and also informed the text participant or text user seems like unproblematic. The presenters stated that the qualities are abstract nouns which both abstract from and summarize information in the quotes in Text A. These are how it relates to Critical Literacy, positioning is how the writer gives role to the participants in the text. The linguistic is connected with language or the study of language.
According to the presentation 3.4, the presenters defined discourse as ways of speaking or writing which promote a particular view of world and how it should be and sexist discourse as the socialization of the natural category of sex as gender. They give examples on describing the different types of women. This relate to Critical Literacy is we need to become aware of how text position us and don’t be over persuaded by the writer.

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According to the presentation for reading 2.2, they explain about the perspective and ideology. The definition for ideology is a national, political and social philosophy which is the belief system and outlook of a particular group of people. Perspective means that the writer’s view about the article either good or bad view on that. In the presentation, it was stated that there are two different perspectives, white perspective and black perspective. For the white perspective, they are more focus on white audience which shows that they are bias on white people and in the article they condemn the black audience. Instead of white perspective, writer also stated the black perspective in the article. It focus on the black audience which condemning the white people. Different writers show different perspective. They bias on the black audience just to give them strength and also to fight for their right.
Based on the presentation reading 2.3, text and textualities, the presenters talked about in every text, there are always socially constructed to have the certain meanings. Under the social text and social meanings, myth is a set of sign which implies extremely familiar and influential social structures of thinking. A basic set of steps which can be used to study many types of text and their social meaning. The step for textual analysis is signs-connotations and codes-denotation-myth. The textual production’s step is myth-denotation-codes and connotations-signs. Connotation means a meaning or connection which is implied for a person or group of people and denotation is the part of meaning of a word or expression which refers to something in a real of possible world.

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According to the presentation in class for reading 1.2 (background reading), form of factual writing have four types of genre. There are recount, description, procedure and report. They stated that recount is about person communicated by telling story. It was built up around a sequence of action. Spoken recount is personal while writing recount is impersonal. Procedure writing was a general conclusion which explain how things are done and it was a closest type of factual writing to narrative. Report writing is focuses on classes of things rather than individuals and the function of the report genre as a whole is to describe in general terms. Factual writing is not written by creative or imaginative compared to narrative. The developing report writing is focus on classes of thing and some general statement. The specific statement is illustrate the general point. Explanation is focus on judgment or opinion made by the writer. Sexism and factual writing was explained by the different of boys and girls. Boys tend to wrote factual writing based on nature of things while girls based on nurture of things.
As for the presentation in reading 1.3, is about rules and regulations which have six elements. They are declarative, imperative, circumlocution, will, passive and relexicalization. Declarative is all about a statement which is a fact so that the reader cannot argue with it. The giving of information seems a neutral act. Imperative is a sentence which is in the form of command. Circumlocution is more likely to be used ‘the smaller the power distance’ between writers and readers. Will is in signifies not only displacement of time but also a transformation from a statement of authority to an assertion about on impending state. Passive is using third person. It is like imperative, but unlike declarative and involves deletion of agent. Relexicalization is the process of cooling experience in new ways by inventing lexical items.
The problem that encountered to the presentation of reading 1.2 is they cannot come out with a right summary for that reading because they confuse either to write about the convicted killer or the reading itself.

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